If this is previously unexplored, the mere exploration is original work. what key research questions were addressed, and are any missing? Our approach enables users to systematically identify what is known and then using quantitative methods they can assess what is unknown. There is none, Positives in negative results: when finding ‘nothing’ means something, The risks of blowing your own trumpet too soon on research, How myths and tabloids feed on anomalies in science, The 10 stuff-ups we all make when interpreting research. With the admiral’s death at sea in 1433, the great fleet was broken up, foreign travel forbidden, and the very name of Zheng He expunged from the records in an effort to erase his example. What does it mean to say a text is Gothic? The Greek geographer sailed out of the Bay of Biscay and did not stop until he had rounded the coast of Brittany, crossed the English Channel, and fully circumnavigated the British Isles. The Keyword Effect: A Grounded Theory Study Exploring the Role of Keywords in Clinical Communication AEM Educ Train. Roald Amundsen, 1910-1912 Pytheas was an independent adventurer and scientific traveler—the first, for instance, to associate ocean tides with the moon. Finally, unable to do much else, Dias stood out to sea and sailed south-south-west for many days until providentially around 40° south he picked up the prevailing South Atlantic westerlies that carried him eastwards round the southern tip of Africa without his even noticing it. Have you ever felt overloaded by information? This includes YouTube videos and papers outlining the method and a growing list of examples of many papers published using this technique. Above all, it was learning to think small—in terms of ship size and crew—and to travel light , that helped him to beat his rival explorer, Englishman, Robert F. Scott to the South Pole by over a month. Traditional narrative reviews conducted by experts tend to focus on Rumsfeld’s “known knowns”. In May 1856, after years of harrowing travel, he became the first European to traverse sub-Saharan Africa from coast to coast. We often face the challenge of mastering new topics. For six months, Portuguese commander Bartolomeu Dias battled his way south along the coast of Africa against continual storm and adverse currents in search of an ocean passage to India. Users can quickly master the technique to wade through claims and counter claims on any subject, discovering what’s known and finding the gaps. Other times, a metaphor might explain a phenomenon exploring the limits of the human through science fiction american literature readings in the twenty first century Dec 12, 2020 Posted By EL James Publishing TEXT ID 5114ea7ba Online PDF Ebook Epub Library Exploring The Limits Ever wondered how to make sense of claims and counter-claims about a topic? ~ ThriftBooks: Read More, Spend Less A book with obvious wear. Where’s the proof in science? Exploration typically grows out of the cultural exchange of goods and ideas when two populations meet, explains Weaver. These reviews tell a story about how knowledge has developed, where research has been concentrated and what it has found. They can also prioritise where we need to go to gain new knowledge, turning more of Rumsfeld’s unknown unknowns into known unknowns. According to Weaver, these individuals embody “what exploration is often fundamentally about: mediation, intercession, cultural negotiation and sometimes, even, symbiosis.”, Weaver includes famous explorations, from the Lewis and Clark expedition to the first moon landing. Jason Byrne has received consulting funding from the Queensland Government and US National Park Service. We use a third approach, which is potentially more useful for ordinary people wanting to navigate a seemingly endless mass of literature. With so much research already published it can be a daunting task for any new researcher to find out what’s already done. Copyright © 2010–2021, The Conversation US, Inc. Both approaches are quite complex; they require technical knowledge and considerable familiarity with the literature before you can start, and definitely are not for the novice researcher or citizen activist. Positives in negative results: when finding ‘nothing’ means something Senior Lecturer - Environmental Planning, Griffith University. No specialist equipment is required - just spreadsheet software such as Microsoft’s Excel. This is an adventure story featuring three teenage boys who dream of exploring the world but end up stranded on a fictitious island in the South Pacific, following a shipwreck. Systematic Quantitative Literature Review, assessing the impacts of tourism on birds, evaluating the risk of cars carrying weeds, your European holiday may threaten rare plants, Why research beats anecdote in our search for knowledge, Clearing up confusion between correlation and causation, Where’s the proof in science? Even conservative estimates give him credit for some 7,500 miles of ocean travel—an astounding feat for the time and one that justifies Pytheas’s vague reputation as the archetypal maritime explorer. Back in 2002, the then US Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld made the now famous quote about known and unknown information when he said: Traditional narrative reviews conducted by experts tend to focus on Rumsfeld’s “known knowns”. Why research beats anecdote in our search for knowledge Exploration is often fundamentally about: mediation, intercession, cultural negotiation and sometimes, even, symbiosis according to Stewart Weaver. He is a member of The Greens and the Gold Coast and Hinterland Environment Council (GECKO) as well as the Planning Institute of Australia, Institute of Australian Geographers, Association of American Geographers, International Urban Fellows Association and Society for Human Ecology. Born in a one-room tenement in Scotland, this most famous of 19th century explorers had gone to Africa as a medical missionary in 1841, but Livingstone’s wanderlust ran ahead of his proselytizing purpose. While we can hardly blame the people of the day for clinging to their beliefs—namely, that exploring the unknown would involve doom-welcoming payback—from this, we can see how assumptions can block our visions and be so “For all the different forms it takes in different historical periods, for all the worthy and unworthy motives that lie behind it, exploration—travel for the sake of discovery and adventure—is it seems a human compulsion, a human obsession even (as the paleontologist Maeve Leakey says); it is a defining element of a distinctly human identity, and it will never rest at any frontier, whether terrestrial or extra-terrestrial.”, Pytheas of Massalia, 325 B.C.E. If you enjoyed this article, subscribe to receive more just like it. Tags: Arts and Sciences, Department of History, Environmental Humanities Program, exploration, research finding, Stewart Weaver. Eighty years later, scarcely a deep-seaworthy ship survived in China. It may not be as appropriate for some areas in humanities, architecture, music, literature or dance-studies. For Weaver, the answer lies in human nature. First European to traverse sub-Saharan Africa from coast to coast. Then you summarise and evaluate the papers by using tables and maps - showing what is known, but also what is not known. They collate data from published studies, reanalyse the data to provide more robust answers to important research questions, and identify knowledge gaps. The Norwegian learned to ski, appreciated the essential role of dogs in polar … Literature Metaphors in literature are drops of water: as essential as they are ubiquitous. God, gold, and glory in the discovery of the Americas. exploring the unknown volume iv accessing space selected documents in the history of the us civil space program Dec 14, 2020 Posted By Wilbur Smith Library TEXT ID … Along the way, Weaver identifies what defines exploration during each era and places these historic achievements in the largest possible global context: that of the natural history of the earth itself. China’s imperial expeditions. Clearing up confusion between correlation and causation Weaver’s survey of the history of exploration, published by Oxford University Press, offers a compelling set of answers. For example, during the numerous 19th century attempts to find the fabled Northwest Passage through the Canadian Artic, John Franklin’s ship became stuck in the ice, condemning the expedition’s 24 officers and 105 men to a slow death from scurvy, starvation, and exposure. This article is part of a series on Understanding Research. But which literature and how much do we need to review? Finally, such a model, if proven valid, should provide a better understanding of the process involved in dropping out of high school, thereby leading to potential insights concerning future interventions with this population. What drives human exploration of the unknown? Bach is one of the few composers who can claim to have created his own era of music… exploration into the unknown is found in the baroque period, under the compositions of Johann Sebastian Bach. Trying to prevent discovering the unknown will only limit our society, and for that reason our fear should not be exploring the unknown, rather the possibility of never exploring it. But which literature and how much do we need to review? “A true explorer,” writes the professor of history at the University of Rochester, “is a traveler who seeks a discovery.” Through brief accounts and assessments of their missions, Weaver captures the adventure, the wonder, and the legacy of these feats. We call it a Systematic Quantitative Literature Review. Bartolomeu Dias, 1488 In 1420 Chinese ships and sailors had no equal in the world. His sighting of the Zambezi river in June 1851 encouraged a vision of a broad highway of “legitimate commerce” into regions still blighted by the slave trade, and one year later he returned to explore its upper reaches, with the indispensable guidance and cooperation of the indigenous Makololo and other tribes. For a start you’ll need to review the published literature on your chosen issue. We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. We have produced online support for those wanting to do these Systematic Quantitative Literature Reviews. For a start you’ll need to review the published literature on your chosen issue. Pages may have considerable notes/highlighting. Ballantyne. Zheng He, 1405-1433 Kokol P(1), Blažun Vošner H, Vermeulen J. The first voyage alone featured 62 oceangoing junks—each one perhaps ten times the size of anything afloat in Europe at the time—along with a fleet of 225 smaller support vessels, and 27,780 men. Lured by flawed cartography, Marco Polo’s Travels, the legends of antiquity, and the desire for title and dignity, Columbus weighed anchor on August 3, 1492, in search of a westward route to China and resolved, as he said in his journal, “to write down the whole of this voyage in detail.” From the Canaries, the seasoned navigator picked up the northeast trades that swept his little flotilla directly across the Atlantic in a matter of 33 days. His explorations of the unknown opened up global passages. An avid hiker and coauthor with Maurice Isserman of Fallen Giants, an award-winning history of Himalayan mountaineering, Weaver gives as much credit to those who climb mountains and don scuba gear as to the first people to set out across the open ocean. The “Grand Eunuch” and court favorite of the Yongle Emperor of China, Zheng He led seven formidable expeditions through the Indian Ocean. Google Scholar has been proven to be a reliable tool to search for published literature. But the slim volume—part of Oxford University Press’s well-known “very short introductions” series—also makes room for lesser-known undertakings, like the numerous attempts to reach the South Pole and the rivalry and glory seeking that ensued among countries and individuals during those early 20th century efforts to set a new “farthest south.”, Throughout, Weaver reviews the scholarly and popular debates that have turned men like Christopher Columbus from among the most celebrated to the “now much-denigrated.” Columbus, writes Weaver, “may have been more persistent than most explorer-adventurers of his age; he may have been unusually adroit when it came to the all-important art of securing royal patronage. The name has traditionally been applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions of their authors and the perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution. Write an article and join a growing community of more than 121,100 academics and researchers from 3,906 institutions. are there any limitations (such as problems with methods, analyses and results). Discovering the unknown unknowns Users of SciSight can search for a term/concept of interest, or get suggestions based on important COVID-19 topics. Further reading: Native peoples, who often served as unsung guides, are essential to success. First known reporter of the arctic and the midnight sun. , especially as pertains to their antecedents and consequences. Just enter your keywords on the chosen topic and you’re on your way. UNDERSTANDING RESEARCH: What do we actually mean by research and how does it help inform our understanding of things? So how do you find the knowns and unknowns in research? In a world of increasing information availability, finding ways to make sense of the literature on a topic is important. Other methods such as the famous Cochrane Reviews in medical sciences focus on what is known, but also create new knowledge: Rumsfeld’s “unknown knowns”. But he was far from being either the lone visionary or the arch villain of competing classroom mythologies.”. Christopher Columbus, 1492 It may be classified according to a variety of systems, including language and genre. So what drives humans to such lengths? We have developed a direct way for people to approach a chosen topic and to drill down through published literature to find out what is known, but also where there are knowledge gaps. 8A: Literature & Critical Thinking – exploring the unknown explorer In September, class 8A commenced the mandatory study of an abridged version of the “The Coral Island” by R.M. GCSE English Literature J352/02 Exploring poetry and Shakespeare Friday 26 May 2017 – Morning Time allowed: 2 hours You must have: • The OCR 12-page Answer Booklet *6694600210* (OCR12 sent with general stationery) There is none Other method… Using this method, any one from academic researchers to teachers, lawyers, activists and parents can become more knowledgeable on a subject, contribute to knowledge-creation and identify limits to current knowledge. The Norwegian learned to ski, appreciated the essential role of dogs in polar travel, and adapted to some native Inuit practices. The conditions the crew and others like them endured as they “over-wintered, sick and starving, in these dark and frozen wastes defy description,” writes Weaver. Author information: (1)Peter Kokol, PhD, is Professor, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Slovenia. Whether he made it as far north as Iceland is doubtful, but he somehow knew of the midnight sun and he evidently encountered arctic ice. 2019 Dec 29;4(4):403-410. doi: 10.1002/aet2.10424. A Systematic Quantitative Literature Review can help answer important questions, such as: There are some limits to this method. Our systematic quantitative reviews involve four steps: First you systematically search the literature for original research (published reports and papers) on a specific topic. And almost any topic can be investigated: from climate change, to vaccination and even searching for better schools. Catherine Pickering does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. Exploring the Unknown Exploring Nature Reflecting the challenges of Excellence and Enjoyment, this book addresses planning for the early years, as well as KS1 and KS2, links history across all of the curriculum, schemes. During his three-year journey through the Northwest Passage beginning in 1903, Roald Amundsen learned to adapt to harsh polar conditions in his exploration of the unknown. First European to round the Cape of Good Hope. During his three-year journey through the Northwest Passage beginning in 1903, Roald Amundsen learned to adapt to harsh polar conditions in his exploration of the unknown. when was most of the research undertaken? You can even create tables or graphs from your spreadsheet, showing who is being funded, or what findings are being reported about particular places and topics. In 140 succinct pages, Exploration: A Very Short Introduction chronicles journeys of discovery from the pre-historic trek of humans across the land bridge over the Bering Strait some 12,000 years ago to the mid-20th century deep sea voyages of Jacques-Yves Cousteau. eCollection 2020 Oct. Next, enter the different reports and studies that you find into a your spreadsheet (such as author, location, date of study, purpose, research questions etc). This fancy term just means counting how many times papers on a chosen topic have been published, where, when and by who, and then thinking about results – what does this mean? This is the same for anyone be they students, journalists, activists or even researchers starting or changing research topics.
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